What is the purpose of physical education?
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What is the purpose of physical education?
Target is a specific and precise means of knowing the objective. The goal is the stairs, which lead up and convey the reality of the purpose. It is considered extremely beneficial as it measures the criteria of the objective. Goals are desirable. They are possible to be achieved and by which the goal comes closer to reality.
Later in 1965, the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation listed five main goals of physical education:
1. To teach children to deal efficiently and effectively not only with exercise, games, sports and dance, but also in all dynamic situations of life.
2. To develop an understanding about volunteer activities and their practices in which, individuals can organize activities themselves for the important purposes of their life.
3. To increase understanding of distance, time, manpower relationship and enrich the related concept.
4. To develop an understanding of the socially accepted norms of human behavior, especially in the context of the interpersonal effects of games and sports.
5. To adapt in response to the increasing need of the heart, lungs, muscles and other sensory systems.
Bloom and Krathvoll and their colleagues have divided the interdependent goals into three classes so that the nature and scope of the goals can be better understood-
(1) cognition, (2) affective and (3) psychomotor
1. Cognitive area – This area includes knowledge, understanding, perseverance, analysis and evaluation etc., These are responsible for the development of intellectual ability and competence. This goal is concerned with increasing knowledge, improving problem-solving ability, correcting timing or comprehension, and developing and recognizing concepts. There is a close relationship between intellectual, physical and emotional development. Physical educ ation programs contribute to cognitive development through knowledge and sophisticated behaviour. Good health encourages physical fitness. This aids in the process of social and emotional development, fostering a more positive self-concept. It has been found that the child initially learns small activities like walking, running, reaching, etc., These activities motivate his nature and form the basis of further learning. This is what, helps the mind and the nervous system to adjust in order. Knowledge is required for. Learning any skill. Because skill requires mental alertness and efforts.
2. Affective Zone- This area mainly helps the players to think and articulate about their usefulness, interests, qualities, attitudes and forming their own opinion. This goal helps physical education and physical activity to develop appropriate and positive attitudes and qualities. It places greater emphasis on the individual utility system, philosophy, and adjustment lines that are the basis of wholeness. It helps a person to move from immaturity to maturity socially and emotionally.
Attitude, quality, and utility show the player the way in which he enriches himself and his group in social and emotional experiences in every physical activity. Physical education lays the foundation for the development of the stature, the skill and the merits and demerits of beautiful objects through beautiful arts. It is through physical activities that a person learns what is right and right and what is wrong.
3. Psycho-motivational area- This area is related to the development and improvement competencies. Psychomotor learning is the of motivational heart of physical education experiences and results of the achievements of general motor ability and selected competencies of various activities. This goal is related to developing physical reflexes and making physical activities efficient, elegant and useful and that too at the expense of the least of energy. It is also related to the development of body control, coordination, agility, balance of sense of direction, and giving strength through physical activities.
This zone can be divided into two parts-
(i) Organic Domain – It is related to physical fitness, health and strength come through physical activities with stamina.
(ii) Motor Domain- It is concerned with the development and coordination of body control of a person This enables him to be graceful, comfortable and capable.
In short we can say that, the exploration of possibilities, responsibilities and abilities of an individual is the maximum and systematic development through physical activities. In a democratic country like India, the goals of physical education also depend on the political will and social conditions.
Purpose of Physical Education
The goal should not be impracticable in any way, but it should indicate a practical purpose. Regarding the goals of physical education. F. Williams states, “The purpose of physical education is to provide an efficient leadership and adequate facilities, which allows the individual or group to face situations that are physically beneficial, mentally stimulating and satisfying, and socially beneficial. He has pointed to a purpose, a direction, and yet the truth of the purpose cannot be known; Because there are always better opportunities available. Thomas Wood said in 1893,” Physical education has as broad a purpose as education itself and is as excellent and inspiring for human life.”
In basketball, the technique and process that is adopted to fulfill the goal of putting the ball in the basket will be called its purpose. For example, how the ball will be caught, how will be the position of the hands, what will be the position of the feet, the eyes will be on the basket and the ball will be released at a certain angle. All these objectives are helpful in achieving the goal.
According to J. R. Sherman, “The object of physical education is to authenticate the experiences of the individual to the extent that, the individual is finite, which will help him to adjust successfully to society so that he can fulfill those desires by increasing and improving his desires.” Thus, the objective of physical education is to develop the ability to do so.
Objective of Physical Education
Guidance is essential in the field of education. This guidance can only serve the purpose. These be tested by any can measurement bar. They act as a guide to take a person or organization towards a particular direction. Undoubtedly, this can be achieved only by general principles.
On the strength of these, many changes and adjustments are possible in the behavior of the students so that they can move towards the goal. Physical education is an integral part of education. which has its own goal.
According to J. F. Williams,” The goal of physical education is to provide efficient leadership, abundant facilities and time for individuals and groups of individuals in situations that, they are physically healthy, mentally alert and socially empowered”. But on careful consideration, we get four resolutions that emerge. 1. Efficient leadership 2. more convenience 3. Possibility of participation in the game for each individual and group. 4. Physically perfect, mentally adventurous and socially strong conditions.
The development of individual and individual groups is the ultimate goal of physical education. Skilled heroes, abundant facilities and time are the means to reach the goal. The sports conditions and exercise procedures are the work ground for physical education.
Where the goal determines the direction of physical education, the objective gives a proper explanation of physical education and the misconceptions about physical education in the minds of educationists and intellectuals. They also determine the mutual relationship between education and physical education.
According to the National Plan of Physical Education (1956)
“The purpose of physical education is to maintain the health of various parts of the body, coordination of consciousness, muscles, skills and behaviour and development of personality.”
After examining the views of various thinkers and physical educationists, the objectives of physical education are as follows-
1. Objectives related to physical development – The relation of the objectives of physical development is to develop various parts of the body through systematic physical exercise. It develops strength in body power etc. This makes the person more healthy. His health and other systems are more powerful. They are more helpful in the person’s running, lifting, climbing, descending, throwing, catching, jumping, processes.
2. Objectives related to mental development – All programs of physical education makes the person aware about knowledge of sports skills and knowledge about rules, health principles and exercise systems. physical education gives firmness and confidence to the mind and body of a person. This is the secret of the mental development of a person. A physically educated person faces every situation with firm determination and confidence. With this, the mental stress and pressure of the child can be removed. They are taught to think properly. Training can also be, given to solve and control difficulties.
3. Objectives related to motor development – With the attainment of these objectives, physical activity processes prove to be of more use, because the speed increases due to the establishment of nerve-muscle coordination. The fine synergy between nerves and muscles helps a person to perform various motor processes and sports skills. The person becomes more proficient in sports. The level of his game rises. In the absence of gamma (strong) development, the physical processes appear sluggish and ugly in appearance.
4. Objectives related to social development – These objectives help the individual in making his personal adjustment, group adjustment and adjustment as a social member. Physical education leads to social development, good use of free time, development of good attitudes, development of good conduct and character, democratic attitude, qualities of a good sportsperson, beautiful sportsmanship etc. The development of civilization, culture and humanity, as much as possible through. sports is probably not possible through any other activity.
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